International Organizations

International relations are not only taking place between two countries in a bilateral format but for many issues there exist international organizations that function as an advocate for certain rules or rights. Analysis in this section will focus on the functioning of those organizations evaluate their effectiveness and development over time.

Multilateral Trade System in Crisis

The disintegration of the WTO's Appellate Body

Dispute Settlement in the World Trade Organization (WTO) has long been a success story. However, with the suspension of its review process it has entered a crisis mode with important Member States arguing over the future of the organization. Incapable of agreeing on necessary reforms, states have fallen back on unilateral trade restrictions instead of using the WTO's dispute settlement process. These developments threaten the achievements of multilateral trade liberalization that have evolved over decades.

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Profiles

World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization was established as the successor of the GATT in 1995. Today it counts 164 Member States that have devoted themselves to a rules-based system that promotes free trade and lowering still existing trade barriers.

         United Nations

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         European Union

The European Union has 27 Member States which form an economic and political union that entails a single market and a single currency. It is characterized by the four freedoms of movement of people, goods, capital and services.